Development of Quantum Unit of Temperature Standard in Thermoelectric Research

The quantum standard of temperature based on the revealed quantum unit of the mentioned quantity is studied. It is recommended first to apply as an intrinsic standard. Such a standard does not need permanently recurring measurements against the realization of the SI unit to validate its accuracy. It may be considered as the intrinsic standard of temperature that could be embedded into cyber-physical systems (CPSs) ensuring their precision operation. The methodological base of involvement of the developed standard in the formation of the thermoelectric power of thermoelectric transducers as well as the generator is considered. The feasibility of a unified consideration of the nature of thermoelectric power within macro- and nanothermodynamics is shown. This approach is driven by the increasing use of nano elements based on 1D-, 2D- nanomaterials (nanowires and nanosheets, respectively) and nanostructured materials in technology, in particular, to improve the key parameters of thermoelectric generators and thermometers. In the first case, this is thermoelectric efficiency, and in the second case, the accuracy of thermometers, which is determined by the stability in a time of thermoelectric power

Investigating Thermoelectric Batteries Based on Nanostructured Materials

This article discusses the characteristics of the design of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) for cold climates. Since the thermocouples of thermoelectric batteries are produced from different materials, their major properties are studied. Particular attention is given to nanostructured materials regarding the modern class of thermoelectric materials. Two-, three-, and four-component alloys (metallic glasses) of the Fe-Ni(Cu)-P-B system are chosen based on the experience of thermoelectric thermometry. The close chemical composition of two thermoelectrodes enables their compatibility in thermocouple production and satisfactory thermoelectric efficiency of batteries during long-term operation. The improvement of the thermoelectric battery characteristics related to a unit of mass is evaluated. The materials studied are distinguished by the absence of toxic components harmful to the environment at the manufacturing and operating stages